Section 04

Architecture

Three-sided agent model, 17 AI agents, LangGraph orchestration, canonical data flows, and the ISDA Carbon Liability Swap financial engine.

04

4.1 Three-Sided Agent Model

The platform operates across three interconnected sides, each with dedicated AI agents, data pipelines, and proof-generation modules. The ALM Optimisation Engine sits at the centre, consuming events from both sides and producing matched swap instruments.

Side 1
Buy Side

Corporate bank treasuries and corporations carrying tCO₂e emissions liabilities

BS-1 Liability Aggregator BS-2 Forward Model BS-3 CSR Calculator BS-4 NRW Structurer BS-5 Event Publisher
Framework: AutoGen + Semantic Kernel
Side 3
ALM Engine

Three-Proof Matching Core · ISDA Swap Book

AO-1 Proof Gate AO-2 Matching Engine AO-3 Term Sheet Gen AO-4 Swap Executor AO-5 MTM Monitor AO-6 Disclosure Gen
Framework: LangGraph · Azure Event Hub
Side 2
Supply Side

Registries, MRV data sources, and granular producer records of verified removal credits

SS-1 Registry Poller SS-2 NRCS Scorer SS-3 VVB Parser SS-4 Producer Intel SS-5 Inventory Mgr SS-6 MRV Monitor
Framework: Dagster / Prefect pipelines

4.2 Canonical Data Flow

Step 1 · Buy Side
Client Liability Ingestion
POST /clients/{id}/liabilities
  • Client submits GHG inventory (Scope 1, 2, 3) via API
  • AutoGen BS-1 triggers Azure Data Factory pipeline via SK ADFPlugin
  • Pipeline ingests and normalises data to tCO₂e LiabilityVector
  • BS-2 through BS-5 compute forward model, residual liability, and Carbon Solvency Ratio
  • BS-5 publishes CarbonSolvencyRatio event to Azure Event Hub
Step 2 · Supply Side (Parallel)
Registry Polling & NRCS Scoring
Dagster pipeline · continuous
  • SS-1 polls Puro.earth CORCX, TGO, Gold Standard, Verra registries
  • SS-3 parses VVB audit data for permanence and additionality scores
  • SS-2 computes NRCS (Net Removal Credit Score) for each available credit
  • SS-5 updates inventory with proof-ready credits
  • Pipeline publishes NRCSScoredEvent to Azure Event Hub
Step 3 · ALM Engine
Three-Proof Validation Gate
LangGraph AO-1 · critical path
  • LangGraph AO-1 consumes CarbonSolvencyRatio event, initialises SwapBookState
  • AO-1 reads proof-ready inventory from SS-5 via NRCSScoredEvent
  • Science Proof gate: permanence score, additionality, MRV validation
  • Legal Cure Proof gate: ISDA documentation status, registry lock availability, FCA compliance check
  • Financial Fair-Value Proof gate: IFRS 9 HTM classification, CSR ratio threshold, MTM baseline
  • All three proofs must pass — AO-1 issues signed ProofBundle via JOSE JWS
Step 4 · ALM Engine
Optimisation & Term Sheet Generation
LangGraph AO-2, AO-3
  • AO-2 matching engine runs CVXPY optimisation against ProofBundle inventory
  • Generates ALM match set minimising duration mismatch, maximising CSR
  • AO-3 generates ISDA CLS term sheet in FpML 5.12 + JSON format
  • Human approval interrupt — ISDA counsel + treasury sign-off required before execution
Step 5 · ALM Engine
Swap Execution & Lifecycle Management
LangGraph AO-4, AO-5, AO-6
  • AO-4 executes swap, locks registry credits, starts CSA monitoring
  • AO-5 runs daily MTM loop for full 10-year tenor — monitors CSA thresholds, generates margin call alerts
  • AO-6 generates ISSB S2 disclosure pack, CSR dashboard, and board report per reporting period
  • All actions logged with JOSE JWS certificate signing to immutable audit trail

4.3 All 17 Agents — Specification Summary

ID Agent Name Framework Primary Function Key Output
BS-1 Liability AggregatorCritical AutoGen + SK Ingest GHG inventory from ERP via ADF pipeline. Interpret schema with GPT-4o. LiabilityVector {scope1, scope2, scope3, gross_liability_tco2}
BS-2 Forward Model Agent AutoGen + SK Compute forward emissions trajectory to 2050. Apply SBTi V2.0 removal schedule. ForwardLiabilitySchedule {year, residual_tco2, removal_required}
BS-3 CSR CalculatorCritical AutoGen + SK Compute Carbon Solvency Ratio. Generate narrative explanation for client reporting. CarbonSolvencyRatio {ratio, gap_tco2, narrative}
BS-4 NRW Structurer AutoGen + SK Structure NRW programme matched to client liability profile. Define vintage schedule. NRWProgramme {vintages, delivery_schedule, cure_pool_allocation}
BS-5 Event Publisher AutoGen + SK Publish CarbonSolvencyRatio event to Azure Event Hub. Trigger ALM Engine. CloudEvent {CarbonSolvencyRatio, client_id, timestamp}
AO-1 Proof GateCritical LangGraph Run three-proof validation (Science, Legal, Financial). Issue signed ProofBundle. ProofBundle {science_proof, legal_proof, financial_proof, jose_signature}
AO-2 Matching EngineCritical LangGraph + CVXPY CVXPY optimisation matching liability profiles to NRW inventory. Maximise CSR. ALMMatchSet {matched_credits, duration_score, csr_projected}
AO-3 Term Sheet GeneratorCritical LangGraph Generate ISDA CLS term sheet in FpML 5.12 + JSON. Trigger human approval interrupt. CLSTermSheet {fpml_xml, json_repr, approval_status}
AO-4 Swap ExecutorCritical LangGraph Execute approved CLS. Lock registry credits. Initialise CSA monitoring. Log to audit trail. SwapRecord {swap_id, registry_lock_id, csa_threshold, jose_signed_log}
AO-5 MTM Monitor LangGraph Daily mark-to-market loop for 10-year tenor. Monitor CSA thresholds. Generate margin alerts. MTMReport {date, mtm_value, csa_status, margin_call_flag}
AO-6 Disclosure Generator LangGraph Generate ISSB S2 disclosure pack, CSR dashboard, and board report per reporting period. DisclosurePack {issb_s2_pdf, csr_dashboard_json, board_summary}
SS-1 Registry Poller Dagster Poll Puro.earth CORCX, TGO, Gold Standard, Verra. Ingest raw credit records. RawCreditRecord {registry, credit_id, vintage, pathway, raw_tonnes}
SS-2 NRCS Scorer Dagster Compute Net Removal Credit Score for each credit. Validate permanence and additionality. NRCSScoredCredit {nrcs_score, permanence_class, additionality_flag}
SS-3 VVB Parser Dagster Parse Verified Validation Body audit PDFs. Extract MRV data. Store in InfluxDB. VVBAuditRecord {vvb_id, audit_date, mrv_metrics, influxdb_series}
SS-4 Producer Intelligence Dagster Maintain producer database. Track project pipeline, delivery history, and risk flags. ProducerProfile {producer_id, pathway, delivery_history, risk_score}
SS-5 Inventory Manager Dagster Maintain proof-ready inventory. Publish NRCSScoredEvent when new credits pass all gates. InventorySnapshot {proof_ready_credits, total_nrt, pathway_breakdown}
SS-6 MRV Monitor Dagster Continuous MRV monitoring for all locked credits. Alert on reversal risk or permanence degradation. MRVAlert {credit_id, alert_type, severity, recommended_action}

4.4 ISDA Carbon Liability Swap — Financial Engine

Instrument Definition

The Carbon Liability Swap (CLS) is a bilateral OTC derivative documented under an ISDA 2002 Master Agreement with a bespoke Carbon Product Supplement. 10-year tenor. Fixed leg: corporate treasury pays 4.2–8.0% p.a. on notional tCO₂e. Floating leg: CaptureNow delivers net removal tonnes from Durability Trust custody on a defined schedule.

Instrument Type
Bilateral OTC Derivative
ISDA 2002 Master Agreement + bespoke Carbon Product Supplement. Not exchange-traded. Requires Magic Circle legal counsel for documentation.
Tenor
10 Years
Long-dated instrument matched to corporate net-zero timelines (2030/2035/2050). LangGraph persistent state maintains swap book for full tenor.
Unit of Account
Net Removal Tonne
NRT — not gross tonnes, not registry face value. Net of permanence risk, additionality discount, and reversal buffer. Computed by NRCS scoring pipeline.
Fixed Leg Rate
4.2–8.0% p.a.
Corporate treasury pays fixed rate on notional tCO₂e. Rate set at inception based on liability profile, delivery schedule, and cure pool adequacy.
Floating Leg
NRT Delivery
CaptureNow delivers verified net removal tonnes from Durability Trust on defined schedule. Delivery backed by cure pool — first loss borne by project and third-party facility.
Documentation Format
FpML 5.12 + JSON
Term sheets generated in FpML 5.12 XML for legal documentation and JSON for API transport. JOSE JWS signed. Human approval required before execution.